The basis of the printed circuit board (PCB) is a substrate of glass – an insulator which is a compressed fiberglass sheets impregnated with epoxy resin. There is an electrically conductive layer of copper foil (conductor) on the surface of fiberglass. Typical thickness of the conductor is 0.035 and 0.018 mm. This layer is required for all classes PCB. After carrying out certain manufacturing operations, leaving only the necessary elements of the conductor (conductive paths, pads).

Depending on how many of these layers PCB has it can fall into one of three of the following classes:
Unilateral (single layer). The conductor is present only on one side of the PCB.
Bilateral (double layer). The conductor is present on both sides of the PCB.
Multilayer. They look like a kind of layer cake of bilateral boards, between which the strips of fiberglass soaked in epoxy resin are laid.
Typical thickness of the PCB is 1,6 mm, PCBs of 0.8, 1.2, 2.0 mm are also exist. These thicknesses are provided by the number of sheets of glass.

Protective solder mask
Typically, solder mask is applied on the PCB – a layer of durable material designed to protect the conductors from entering the solder and flux for soldering, as well as overheating. Mask covers most of the surface of PCB and leaves open only the contact area, which will be used later during installation (soldering), electronic components on this PCB.

Marking (metal-screen printing)
Markings are painted on the surface of PCB, a specialized method called metal-screen printing or photographic development.

It is used for ease of installation (soldering) of electronic components on the PCB. It can carry the information such as: circuit component, its abbreviated name and the position location on the PCB, as well as other technical information.

Accuracy classes
All manufactured PCB must correspond to the so-called class of accuracy, with what class of accuracy PCB will be made depends on the complex technological possibilities of production. Recently, the design and manufacture of PCB is usually used 3, 4 and 5 classes of accuracy. Here are the basic requirements for the classes.

The third class of accuracy. Includes the following process requirements:
The thickness of the conductive paths should be a minimum – 0,25 mm
The distance between the elements of the PCB should be a minimum – 0,25 mm
The fourth class of accuracy. Includes the following process requirements:
The thickness of the conductive paths must be at least – 0,2 mm
The distance between the elements of the PCB must be at least – 0,2 mm
The fifth class of accuracy. Includes the following process requirements:
The thickness of the conductive paths should be a minimum – 0,15 mm
The distance between the elements of the PCB should be a minimum – 0,15 mm

Price, quality, time of manufacture
The cost of PCB manufacturing typically includes the cost of training to produce and the technological process of production at the company itself and mainly depends on the accuracy class PCB, order volume and timing of its execution.
Mass production. The name speaks for itself. The main factor affecting the overall cost of manufacturing the PCB will be the order volume.
Small-scale production. In this case, a significant fraction of the cost will be preparing for the production process.
Manufacturing of prototypes (prototypes PCB). In contrast of small-scale production, delivery time influenced on the price here.

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